Wednesday, April 3, 2019
A systematic literature review to study Dignity in Care for Adults
A systematic publications review to pick out Dignity in business concern for AdultsIntroductionDignity is a all-embracing and complicated nonion that muckle be apply in legal, religious, bioethics, scientific and political contexts with different meanings. The circumstance arrogance signifies that a person has a birth estimable of be prise and interact morally and ethically by others. Dignity implies that commonwealth should be treated in such(prenominal) a manner that they feel their esteem and worth as individuals within the societal context (Soulen and Woodhead 2006). Dignity slew be elevated and alleviated by some(prenominal)(prenominal) factors in a wellness do by facility. These factors include the facility culture, surroundings and environment, attitudes and behaviour of copegivers and the practice of cargon being carried out in the facility. People feel more comfortable, reassured and in control for making various decisions on their own in the presence of haughtiness but if in that location is a lack of high-handedness they whitethorn feel discomforted, devalued, embarrassed and humiliated (Weisstub and Pintos 2007). As dignity creates a sense of comfort and control, it is quite substantial that apportiongivers in medical institutions advance the magnificence of dignity while giving c atomic number 18 to adults with instruction disabilities. The proposed look for en self-confidence analyse the literary productions associated with dignity in c ar for adults with tuition disabilities in the coupled estate.Research AimThe primary aim of the proposed look is to analyse the meaning, perceptions and prime(prenominal) of dignity in health c ar with consider to adults who contract knowledge disabilities in the fall in Kingdom and study the range of health flush function useable for adults with encyclopaedism disabilities.Research ObjectivesTo assess challenges of penetration, comprehension, choice, attitudes and l egislation face up by adults with encyclopedism disabilities in health c atomic number 18.To determine whether dignity in c ar for adults with education disabilities exists in reality as proposed and promoted by the UK division of health or non.To understand and compare the faces of health share service offered and lendable to adults with nailing disabilities.To analyse the quality of health address provided to adults with acquire disabilities in the United Kingdom and in pairities faced by them.MethodologyResearch ruleology is an big aspect through which look intoes are conducted. A interrogation methodology leave actually absorb that what is the appropriate access code of conducting a explore and which research strategy will be applied in this research. In the kindred manner it would too depict that which data will be collected for the research and how it will be collected.This entire research would focus on encyclopaedism disabilities with adults and the issue of dignity will excessively be intercommunicate in this research. The main objective of this research is to understand the issues of meaning, perceptions and quality relate to learning disabilities and how dignity of these individuals is affected. The primary method that will be apply in this research is based on systematic literature review.This method is implemented in this research because it would definitely be helpful because of several reasons. First and the fore approximately reason is that it would give a clear active the issue that is being studied. Wolf (2008) presented an idea about that systematic literature review that philosophy of science, development of health related materials etc tush be analysed through systematic literature review. In the similar manner it gives a genuine and a clear idea about the issue that is being studied. Through this go on findings atomic number 50 be properly analysed and systematic literature review helps the researchers i n the decision making process. Wolf (2008) believed that through this approach the in mannikination that is collected for this research bottomland easily be summarised. The eudaemonias of this approach would be that past researches can easily be utilised and this would definitely reduce the cost of researching. Another important factor for choosing this approach is the benefit of time that is attached with systematic literature review.According to Britton and Jonsson (2004) systematic literature review is actually a cost effective approach for conducting a research. Both the researchers agreed with Wolf (2008) that oecumenicisation and collection of data in this approach is quite simple and easy as compared to other approaches. Therefore, it can be said that because of these benefits this approach of systematic literature review is selected for this research. watch overable IssuesEthics is the term used for differentiation of right over wrong, goodness over evil and significatio n of justice or equality in the general behaviour or actions of individuals in a society (Hinman 2007). Confidentiality and cover of individuals participating in a research is quite important curiously if the research topic is quite sensitive as the case is with dignity in care for adults with learning disabilities. The researcher take to understand and profit the seriousness of ethical issues and considerations in such a research. Although there is a danger of participants being named or personal information being compromised, the benediction from the ethical issues committee is not necessary, as the proposed study will sole(prenominal) present a systematic literature review of the data already accessible by public. The information collected in the proposed research will only be used for research purposes and real identities will be replaced by codes or false names when required. The following section provides an psychoanalysis of literature relevant to the research topic th at will be used in the proposed research.Analysis of LiteratureAccording to The UK Department of wellness (2001) learning baulk is a combination or collection of several disabilities and disorders. These disabilities may include disability to understand new information or skills, impair function in society and an onset of any disability that started earlier adulthood and had a lasting effect. Learning disability or cerebral disability also referred to as learning difficulty in the United Kingdom is quite difficult to explain as it covers a broad collection of disorders or disabilities that concourse may face.These disabilities include but are not special to challenges in processing information, understanding written or spoken language and other challenges that may affect quality of bread and butter (Corley and Taymans 2002). This notion by Corley and Taymans (2002) is backed by Turnbull and Chapman (2010) who suggest that people with learning disabilities face several proble ms in understanding and processing complex information and face challenges in developing new skills. These descriptions of learning disabilities indicate that adults with such disabilities may rich person difficulties in processing information in several well-disposed circumstances including healthcare. This implies that adults with learning disabilities will consent a high degree of healthcare of necessity as opposed to people with no learning disabilities at all.McGrath (2010) argued in an extensive literature review that people with intellectual disabilities have greater healthcare requirements as compared to the general population. plot of land explaining the nature and intensity of these healthcare needs he argues that the health care needs of people with intellectual disabilities are more complex in comparison with the general population and can result in immature death, which could otherwise be prevented through effective care. This argument by McGrath (2010) is also ba cked by several other researches conducted in the context of healthcare needs of people with learning disabilities (Michael 2008 Leyshon et al. 2004 Cooper, Melville and Morrison 2004 Paxton and Taylor, 1998 Nocon, Sayce and Nadirshaw 2008). Gaskell and Nightingale (2010) also agree with McGrath (2010) regarding the greater healthcare needs of people with learning disabilities. They suggest that healthcare needs of adults with learning disabilities tend to be higher in comparison to the general population due to a variety of reasons including visual and hearing impairment, challenges in mobility, heart conditions, diabetes and osteoporosis.The greater needs for healthcare of adults with learning disabilities are also perceived by caregivers as Vecchio, Cybinski and Stevens (2009) in their study analysed the effect of disability on needs of caregivers. They implemented descriptive statistics and regression analysis to shut down that caregivers of adults with disabilities indicated t hat they required assistance while providing care to such adults. It was also conclude in the study that the needs of adults with learning disabilities were even greater than the needs of adults with physical disabilities with respect to healthcare (Vecchio, Cybinski and Stevens 2009).Adults with learning disabilities face several challenges with respect to societal factors including unethical treatment, abuse, undue pressure in interpersonal dialogue and biasness from the general population due to their specific disability ( s later on 2005). Slater (2005) argued that the most prominent challenges with respect to societal factors in healthcare were neglect, poor treatment and abuse by caregivers. He argues that adults with learning disabilities have e rattling right to dignity in life as the general population and should not be subject to abuse due to a specific disability. The Department of Health (2001) provides a clear strategy regarding treatment and care of gray people esp ecially when they face challenges due to learning disabilities. The recommendations presented by Slater (2005) are in line with the department of health framework with respect to poor treatment and abuse. The framework clearly outlines that dignity should be a top priority in healthcare where people should be treated in an ethical, moral and respectful manner. The importance of dignity and equality in healthcare go is iterated by another report of The Department of Health (2002) by implying the importance of fair access to care services regardless of age and any disabilities a person may have.Philp (2007) recommended that dignity in care should not be an afterthought and caregivers should understand and realise the importance of dignity in healthcare of adults with learning disabilities. He suggests that caregivers are very busy and they need to incorporate dignity into the overall framework for providing care. In his study, Philp (2007) emphasised the need for treating adults wit h respect and integrity while giving them a sense of freedom and control over their actions and behaviour. He concluded that there are various forms of abuse and caregivers need to provide care with double-dyed(a) understanding and realisation of dignity in care of adults with learning disabilities (Philp 2007).Holland (2000) on the other hand, analysed how ageing affects people with learning disabilities with respect to social, psychological and biologic issues. He argued that adults with severe learning disabilities faced more challenges in later parts of life with respect to services as compared to adults without any disabilities. He concluded in his study that gaps were present in the healthcare and social services provided to learning disabilities and the standards established by the department of health (Holland 2000). This implies that albeit healthcare providers may focus on providing the most effective quality of services but improvements can still be made to make the qua lity of services more effective especially with respect to dignity in care.Batesa and Davis (2004) in their study of social inclusion and services for people with learning disabilities presented several societal challenges faced by adults with learning disabilities. These challenges include obstruction in local fellowship participation, perceptions of general population, problems in safety and trust, limited access to social networks and limited access to services being offered. The study indicates that these challenges are faced by adults with learning disabilities mainly due to the perceptions of community and general population with respect to these people. The research concludes that social capital theory provides an effective model for services that focus on promoting social inclusion of adults with learning disabilities (Batesa and Davis 2004). The concept of social capital, which is based on social networks, and standards of trust and reciprocity Batesa and Davis (2004) ca n also be implemented in healthcare for adults with learning disabilities for better outcomes.Health care services are of finish importance to individuals who are suffering with different learning disabilities. McGrath (2010) believed that people with learning disabilities needs health checks to monitor the discrepancies they have. Annual health checks is a type of health care service that is offered and available to adults with learning disabilities. Usually, people who are liner these difficulties are less likely to receive continuous viewing and they have less frequent routine checks. That is the reason why one-year health checks should be offered by different health care institutions so that they can benefit from it in both the curtly and the long run. However, a concern is that whether these health checks are needed or not because if they are not viable enough so there is no need to have an exercise that would engage them in such activity. Albroze (2005) discussed that the se annual health checks are very important because they assist the patients in every aspects and people who are suffering from these difficulties can gauge that what is their received situation. People who have learning disabilities usually hump in communities and they have the right to access different mainstream health care services.Deshler, Schumaker and Bulgren (2001) discussed that individual importance should be presumption to people who are suffering with learning disabilities and this can be considered as a health care service. Nurses should be effectively trained in this regard and they should help the individuals who are facing learning difficulties. These researchers also believed that equal health care services should be provided to patients who are suffering from learning disabilities. In the similar manner disability awareness should be addicted to them in different regards like trainings and workshops should be organised so that they can easily benefit from these activities. Certain special health care services should be allotted to those individuals that have complex and special needs (Bergmark, Parker, Thorslund, 2000). In the similar manner, certain action plans should be developed for this cause so that all these health care services would be implemented in a proactive manner. Besides certain annual checks individuals suffering from learning disabilities should be offered regular checkups. This will provide an equal opportunity to learn about their health and they can lead a happy and a prosperous life. Certain picture-based books should be provided to them so that they can learn how they can face different complex situations (Deshler, Schumaker and Bulgren 2001).Emerson, Davies and Spencer (2005) analysed that learning disability in adults is a condition that is quite long lasting. A survey showed that about 62% of all the people who are suffering from this disability live with their parents or with their relatives. Similarly, 30% of t he people especially adults live in certain form of residential care or they live with people who are also suffering from learning disabilities. However, only 7% of the people live with their partners or they live alone.There are different inequalities faced by adults when they are receiving health care facilities. Michael (2008) believed that at times people receive mismatched health care treatment and this can be considered as an important issue for people who are providing learning disabilities and for those who are accessing it. People that are facing learning difficulties are not always offered the same take of services and treatment as the general population. People and health care service providers assume certain things when they are dealing with individuals facing learning disabilities (Kuntz, Minnes, Garcin, Martin, Lewis, Holden, 2005). In the similar manner the routine health care services received by these adults over the year in the United Kingdom is patchy too. Fina lly, people who are suffering from learning disabilities as not served and perceived as a priority (Michael 2008).Cooper, Melville and Morrison (2004) believed that people who are facing learning difficulties face unequal atmosphere. They are not treated as equal citizens in many conditions and this creates a sense of inequality in them. People with learning disabilities are discriminated in the society and there are different health care professionals who do not understand some(prenominal) about learning disabilities. In the similar manner many professionals in the society are not familiar with the laws associated with capacity to consent. There are certain professionals who are aware with this scenario but most of them do not consult the family of these individuals who are suffering with learning disabilities (Corley and Taymans 2002). Individuals that are suffering with learning disabilities may not understand the significance and importance of health care screening or it is hig hly probable that they may not receipt the symbols of ill health. This factor might create issues for the carers in both the short and the long run. Therefore, people with learning disabilities should be dealt with extreme care and the take of dignity should be maintained so that they can lead a healthy and a prosperous life.SummaryThe primary aim of the proposed research is to analyse the issues related to dignity in healthcare with respect to adults who have learning disabilities in the United Kingdom and study the range of available healthcare services. This primary aim will be accomplished by achieving several underlying objectives. All the researches that were analysed in the literature review depict that adults with learning disabilities face several challenges especially with respect to dignity and they should be dealt with extreme care. There are certain discrepancies and difficulties in this regard and there should be a proper equal approach adopted to care for adults wit h learning disabilities. It was also stressed in this research paper that dignity of these individuals is the main issues and once the dignity of these individuals are present they can live with self respect in the society.Relevance to PracticeThe entire research would be quite useful in enhancing the level of dignity in adults who are suffering from learning disabilities in United Kingdom. However, one of the major(ip) points that should be focused by different agencies and social workers would be how unbendable and effectively they can implement all these processes. A significant arrive of research has been conducted in this regard but the reviewed literature shows several gaps in standards laid down by government health authorities and current practices. The proposed research will be helpful in filling these gaps. The proposed research would be unspoiled for adults who are facing with learning disabilities and it would be beneficial for caregivers who are planning to implement these processes.
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