Annotated Bibliographies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Annotated Bibliographies - Essay Example They argue that the decline of American students in STEM threatens the country’s competitive edge in the world economy. In response, they recommend the D2D Model to increase the number of students in STEM. Onjira and Gilbert (2009) illustrate the affordances of machine-processable competency modeling. They argue that machine processing is invaluable in e-learning and assessment. They emphasize its effectiveness in e-learning. In addition, Onjira and Gilbert (2009) present the competency model’s affordances in generating questions, distractors, and adaptive query sequences. In the article, they conclude that using machine-processable competency overcomes many limitations in interoperability, reusability, and portability. They demonstrate the ease of automatically generating questions using templates. The system enables them to generate many questions from one template. They further argue that the presence of plausible distractors poses a challenge in generating multiple-choice questions. They conclude the article by looking forward to a future with an automated feedback system. Ricardo et al. (2009) explains the role of mathematics and statistics in the expression of scientific ideas. They conclude that mathematics and statistics are the languages of science. Because of the effect of the internet on learning approach of students, Ricardo et al. (2009) explored innovative ways of learning and teaching methodologies. They advocated acquisition of core competencies by students, development of relevant software and better methods of assessment emphasizing on higher-level abilities. In addition, the researchers propose student-centered learning that students employ Information Technology in acquiring knowledge and self-assessment. Ricardo et al. (2009) present the R-QUEST as a new programming language that solves many statistical problems, thereby